IT NEWS

Researchers have shown that it is possible for attackers to bypass an Apple iPhone’s lock screen to access payment services and make contactless transactions. The issue, which only applies to Apple Pay and Visa, is caused by the use of so-called magic bytes, a unique code used to unlock Apple Pay.

In the full paper, researchers from two UK universities—the University of Birmingham and the University of Surrey—show how this feature makes it possible to wirelessly pickpocket money.

The underlying issue

What happens often is that a feature designed to make our lives easier, also makes it easier for clever attackers to use that same feature against us. The vulnerability identified by the researchers is only present when Visa cards are set up using Express mode in an iPhone’s wallet. Express mode allows iPhone owners to use transit or payment cards, passes, a student ID, a car key, and more, without waking or unlocking their device, or authenticating with Face ID, Touch ID, or a passcode. The user may even be able to use their card, pass, or key when their device needs to be charged.

Transport mode

Contactless Europay, Mastercard, and Visa (EMV) payments are a fast and easy way to make payments, particularly at a time when we’re all much more wary about the hygiene of the surfaces we touch.

Normally, payments via smart-phone apps need to be confirmed by the user via a fingerprint, PIN code, or Face ID. Apple Pay elevated the EMV standard for usability, by introducing a feature that allows it to be used at a ticketing barriers (like those used to access the London underground railway network) without unlocking the phone. And Apple is not alone. Samsung has introduced the same “transport mode” feature as well.

The researchers found that Transport for London (TfL) ticket barriers broadcast a non-standard sequence of bytes—so-called “magic bytes”—which bypass the Apple Pay lock screen. Apple Pay then checks that its other requirements are met (which are different for Visa and Mastercard) and if they are it allows a payment to be performed with no user interaction. In this way it allows underground passengers to move through the barriers without stopping, in the same as they do with Oyster cards.

Taking payments

For Apple Pay Visa, the researchers were able to craft messages that resulted in fraudulent payments from a locked iPhone to any EMV shop reader, for any amount. The tests were made for payments up to £1,000 (roughly US$ 1,350). Mastercard is stricter, requiring readers to have a transit merchant code before allowing this functionality.

The researchers also found that Samsung Pay does not use magic bytes, but it was always possible to perform an EMV transaction with a locked Samsung phone. However, they also found that locked Samsung Pay would only allow a zero-value payment. Transport providers (which is only TfL right now) must have an arrangement with their banks to make good the value of the tickets. According to the researchers, “this makes it impossible to relay Samsung Pay to shop readers to buy goods, but it is still possible to relay Samsung Pay to other transport readers”.

Pointing fingers

When the attack was disclosed to Apple and Visa, Apple reportedly said that the problem was with Visa (stop us if you’ve heard this one before), and Visa said it was with Apple. Apple insisted it was up to Visa to implement additional fraud detection checks. Visa pointed out that the same problem did not exist in the Samsung Pay and Visa combination.

For now, as the academics stated, while the problems are acknowledged by both parties, who have been spoken to extensively, the issue remains unfixed. Apparently, when two industry parties each have partial blame, neither are willing to accept full responsibility. Needless to say, while nobody fixes the problem, all users are vulnerable.

It seems unlikely that transport modes will be removed from phones, so the researchers have proposed an EMV relay-resistant protocol.

Where does that leave you?

The attack has only been demonstrated in a lab and there is no evidence that criminals are currently exploiting the vulnerability.

However, if you are worried about falling victim to this type of attack, you should disable the Express Mode if you don’t need it. When you add an eligible transit card to an Apple Wallet, Express Mode is turned on by default.

Should you lose your phone or have it stolen, there is now—in theory at least—a way for thieves to extract funds from it without having to guess your passcode. To avoid that, we suggest that you inform your bank or payment provider if your phone is stolen so they can block your cards.

Stay safe, everyone!

The post Apple Pay vulnerable to wireless pickpockets appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is going to set new rules to curb the rising threat of SIM swapping, also known as SIMjacking.

SIM swapping (and the very similar port-out fraud) is the unlawful use of someone’s personal information to steal their phone number and swap or transfer it to another device. Once this happens, the scammer can use the device to receive calls and messages intended for the victim. SIM swapping is often used to intercept codes sent by SMS that are used in some forms of two-factor authentication (2FA).

SIM swapping is difficult to scale up into large attacks against lots of people at the same time, but it is often used to target specific, high-value individuals.

Early last year, US senators wrote a letter to the FCC urging it to do something about the rising problem of SIM swapping:

The impact of this type of fraud is large and rising. According to the Federal Trade Commission, the number of complaints about SIM swaps has increased dramatically, from 215 in 2016 to 728 through November 2019, and consumer complaints usually only reflect a small fraction of the actual number of incidents.

It went on to say that SIM swapping “may also endanger national security”:

SIM swap fraud may also endanger national security. For example, if a cyber criminal or foreign government uses a SIM swap to hack into the email account of a local public safety official, they could then leverage that access to issue emergency alerts using the federal alert and warning system operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

According to its recent release, the FCC “has received numerous complaints from consumers who have suffered significant distress, inconvenience, and financial harm as a result of SIM swapping and port-out fraud. In addition, recent data breaches have exposed customer information that could potentially make it easier to pull off these kinds of attacks.”

Currently, the proposals boil down to requiring better checks, and quicker notifications:

[The FCC] proposes to amend the Customer Proprietary Network Information (CPNI) and Local Number Portability rules to require carriers to adopt secure methods of authenticating a customer before redirecting a customer’s phone number to a new device or carrier. It also proposes requiring providers to immediately notify customers whenever a SIM change or port request is made on customers’ accounts.”

Many are already happy upon receiving this news, vague as it is.

Of course, specifics need to be laid out as so to how carriers can help potential SIM swap victims and how they generally safeguard all their users.

The post The FCC moves to curb SIM swap attacks appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Two-factor authentication is a great way to protect your online accounts, and we always recommend you turn it on. But where users put up walls, you can be sure there are cybercriminals trying to break them down.

Yesterday, security intelligence firm, Intel 147, revealed it had noticed an uptick of activity in threat actors providing access to services in Telegram that circumvent two-factor authentication (2FA) methods. These services include calling their target victims, appearing to be from their bank, and socially engineering them into handing over a one-time password (OTP)—or other verification code—to the bot operators.

Other services target “other popular social media platforms or financial services, providing email phishing and SIM swapping capabilities.”

Intel 147 has been observing these activities since June when services like these started operating.

“[They] either operate via a Telegram bot or provide support for customers via a Telegram channel,” Intel 147 wrote, “In these support channels, users often share their success while using the bot, often walking away with thousands of dollars from victim accounts.”

The two bots that are becoming criminal favorites are SMSRanger and BloodOTPbot, according to Intel 147. Another bot, SMS Buster, was mentioned, but the researchers said operating it requires more effort on the part of the threat actor.

Those looking to operate these bots are expected to shell out $300 USD monthly. For additional services on top of the bot, they need to hand over an extra $20-$100 USD more.

2FA isn’t foolproof

These 2FA threats only further highlight the problem we already know about SMS-based and phone-call-based authentication OTP methods: they have weaknesses that can be easily exploited by threat actors.

Make no mistake: using 2FA is still better than not using it. But if companies start using better authentication methods, such as Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) codes—e.g. Google Authenticator and Authy—or push notifications—e.g. Okta or Duo—then such bots wouldn’t be much of a problem.

What to do

If you have sent your OTP to what you now believe is a scammer, call your bank and report it. Note that this might be a new scheme that banks have never heard of, so please do your best in explaining what happened. Remember that the more people report of the same or similar instances, the more aware banks will be of the fraud attempts.

Share your experience with friends and family to raise awareness on the matter, in order to prevent them falling for the same trick.

Remember that your bank won’t call you to ask for your OTP—ever—so if you receive similar requests in the future, just hang up.

Trust us: they won’t think you’re being rude.

Stay safe!

The post Telegram-powered bots circumvent 2FA appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Researchers at Zimperium have discovered an aggressive mobile premium services campaign with over 10 million victims all over the world. The stolen amount could amass hundreds of millions of Euros.

The scam was hidden behind malicious Android apps, and the researchers have named the Trojan GriftHorse. They estimate the group has been active since November 2020.

Distribution

These malicious Android apps were initially distributed through both Google Play and third-party application stores. After the researchers reported the findings to Google, the malicious applications were removed from the Google Play store. However, the malicious applications are still available on third-party app stores, once again proving the potential dangers involved in sideloading applications to mobiles.

To enhance the effectiveness of the campaign, the group showed pages to users based on the geolocation of their IP address and addressed them in the local language. This social engineering trick is very successful, since users are always more comfortable sharing information on a website in their local language.

How it works

The GriftHorse Trojan subscribes unsuspecting users to paid services, charging a premium amounting to around 36 dollars per month.

Immediately after installing the malicious app, the user is bombarded with popups telling them they have won a prize and need to claim it straight away or they will miss the opportunity. When the user accepts the offer, the malware redirects them to a geo-specific website where they have to submit their phone number for “verification”.

Instead of any verification taking place, the user is actually signed up for a premium SMS service that starts charging their phone bill over €30 per month.

Applications of this kind are often referred to as fleeceware. By definition, fleeceware is a type of malware for mobile devices that comes with hidden, excessive subscription fees. These applications take advantage of users who do not know how to cancel a subscription by charging them long after they have deleted the application.

Detection

The threat actors use a few different methods to avoid detection. While some users may get suspicious by an extra charge on their phone bill, it may take others months to notice. If and when they notice they need to find out how to cancel the subscription, and there is no chance of getting their money back.

The threat actors are also very careful to avoid hard-coding URLs in the malicious apps. To create the apps they used the mobile application development framework Apache Cordova. The application displays as a web page that references HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and images. This enables developers to deploy updates to apps without requiring the user to update manually. Using this option the actors were able to let the app fetch the currently active URL that acted as a C&C server.

The criminals used over 200 different Trojan applications in the campaign which, besides avoiding detection, also allowed them to spread the distribution of the applications across multiple, varied categories, increasing the range of potential victims.

The programmers of the malicious apps follow a strict no-reuse policy to avoid detection of all the apps by vendors, who often introduce mass or generic detections by using strings that are typical for a certain malware family.

Victims

By using the geo-specific sites and the spread across multiple categories of apps, the campaign was able to ensnare mobile users from more than 70 countries. Based on the intel collected by the researchers, GriftHorse has infected over 10 million devices in the last few months.

IOCs

A full list of applications and hashes can be found in the blog published by the researchers.

Malwarebytes for Android detects these apps as Android/Trojan.Spy.Joker.gfth.

Stay safe, everyone!

The post Android Trojan GriftHorse, the gift horse you definitely should look in the mouth appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Microsoft offers to help you with patching Exchange servers, CISA offers an insider threat tool, and together with the NSA they offer advice on how to choose and harden your VPN.

These initiatives from major parties aim to help organizations assess and manage their security needs. But will they make an impact with their intended audience?

Microsoft Exchange Emergency Mitigation service

Microsoft will tomorrow roll out a new security feature for its Exchange email servers, which have been at the center of several hacking campaigns over the past two years.

In the September 2021 Cumulative Update (CU), Microsoft has added a new feature called the Microsoft Exchange Emergency Mitigation (EM) service. This service is not intended to be a replacement for installing Exchange Server Security Updates (SUs), but as a quick and effortless way to mitigate the latest threats against internet-connected, on-premises Exchange servers.

The basic idea is that once Microsoft detects a new attack being used in the wild, it will push out temporary mitigations to all Exchange servers around the world that are running the EM services. And that’ll happen even before they start working on a software patch to thwart the vulnerability. EM runs as a Windows service on Exchange Server, but if an organization doesn’t want to use EM, an admin can disable the service.

Microsoft introduced the EM service after it learned that many of its customers weren’t ready to install SUs because they were not running a supported CU.

CISA Insider Risk Mitigation Self-Assessment tool

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released an Insider Risk Mitigation Self-Assessment Tool, which assists public and private sector organizations in assessing their vulnerability to insider threats.

Insider threats are a serious risk to any organization because of the institutional knowledge and trust placed in the hands of the perpetrator. Insider threats can come from current or former employees, contractors, suppliers, or others with inside knowledge. The tool is designed to raise awareness and help measure the level of risk, and users receive feedback based on their answers to a series of questions.

CISA urges all its partners, especially small and medium businesses who may have limited resources, to use this new tool to develop a plan to guard against insider threats. It states that making some small steps today can make a big difference in preventing or mitigating the consequences of an insider threat in the future.

NSA and CISA advise on VPNs

The National Security Agency (NSA) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a joint Cybersecurity Information Sheet today detailing factors to consider when choosing a virtual private network (VPN) and top configurations for deploying it securely. The Information Sheet details considerations for selecting a remote access VPN, as well as actions to harden the VPN from compromise.

Remote access VPNs are entryways into corporate networks and all the sensitive data and services they have. This direct access makes them prized targets for malicious actors. Multiple nation-state advanced persistent threat (APT) actors have weaponized common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs) to gain access to vulnerable VPN devices.

NSA is releasing the VPN guidance as part of its mission to help secure the Department of Defense, National Security Systems, and the Defense Industrial Base. Basically the advice comes down to selecting a secure, standards-based VPN and hardening its attack surface.

You may say “duh” but organizations running National Security Systems are required to use the algorithms in the NSA-Approved Commercial National Security Algorithm (CNSA) and government systems are required to use the algorithms as specified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which includes the algorithms approved to protect NSS.

What is the main problem?

At Malwarebytes Labs, we’ve reported about many vulnerable VPNs, and networking devices that have patchable vulnerabilities. The same is true for Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities. We’ve also written about the importance of recognizing the danger of insider threats.

But one thing we have learned over the years is that education and raising awareness helps, but it is not picked up by everyone. Knowing that a problem exists and that a patch is available is an important step. But it is useless without the logical next step, patching. Unfortunately, patching cycles are troubled by a few main factors:

• People not knowing a patch was available or even that the problem existed
• Fear that something might stop working, so that needs to be tested first, and all that takes too much time
• No patch being available because the product has reached end-of-life (EOL)
• Not enough staff to keep up with the necessary patching
• Remote and hybrid workforces make patch management more complicated

As a result, critical patches are delayed, often leaving a windows of opportunity for attackers between reverse-engineering the patch and when the patch is widely applied. What that means for all the help provided is that those that need it the most will probably not use it, unless they are compelled to do so.

Microsoft Exchange users that did not have the necessary CUs are unlikely to install the EM service.

Small and medium businesses with limited resources will probably lack the time and staff to use the insider risk mitigation self-assessment tool.

Choosing and hardening an approved VPN may be useful for new customers, but those that already have a working system in place are often content to leave it as is, for all the reasons listed above.

Risks involved in remote mitigation

While some experts applaud the effort by Microsoft to offer a service that can be used as kind of a first aid kit for Exchange, since it can mitigate risks before a patch is available, others see some dark clouds on that horizon.

“Automatically installing temporary mitigations that block active exploitation of security flaws until Microsoft is ready to release official patches.” This will translate in many a system administrator’s mind to Microsoft making changes on my server that I know nothing about. Will we be able to find the source if these changes cause problems?

Having a first aid kit can give users a false sense of security. But you should still apply that patch as soon as it is made available and not rely on the band aid to hold.

Supply chain attacks have become a big thing and taking over the EM service sounds like an attacker’s dream come true. Imagine having the tool in hand to disable security on every Exchange server running that service. This has to be one of the most secure services in Microsoft’s history to avoid that scenario.

Stay safe, everyone!

The post Microsoft, CISA and NSA offer security tools and advice, but will you take it? appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Security and privacy advocates may have cause to worry after all: Portpass, a vaccine passport app in Canada, has been found to have been exposing the personal data of its users for an unknown length of time.

On Monday, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) received a tip that “the user profiles on the app’s website could be accessed by members of the public.”

CBC won’t say how or where the data was found but does say it was unencrypted and could be viewed in plain text.

The data it found included email addresses, names, blood types, phone numbers, birthdays, as well as photos of identification like driver’s licences and passports.

Portpass has a registered user base of 650,000 across Canada. CBC says that Portpass CEO Zakir Hussein denied the app had security issues and “accused those who raised concerns about it of breaking the law.”

CBC said Hussein repeatedly claimed the breach only lasted for minutes, even when CBC pointed out to him that it was able view the data for more than an hour. It’s unclear how long the data was exposed to the public.

“Someone that’s out there is trying to destroy us here, and we’re trying to build something good for people,” said Hussein, who seemed generally unsure of what to say. He was quoted as saying, “There’s holes, and what I’m realizing is I think there are some things that we need to fix here. And you know, we’re trying to play catch-up, I guess, and trying to figure out where these holes are.”

Portpass is easy to manipulate

Days before Portpass was notified of the breach, web developer Conrad Yeung tried Portpass out of curiosity. He said he quickly found an issue when he tried to upload not his photo ID but a photo of a random mayoral candidate in Calgary, Canada “just to see if the app would let me”.

Sure enough, Portpass allowed the upload. “It let me upload a random photo for my driver’s licence,” Yeung said.

He was able to create a fake vaccination record using an actor’s name, and Portpass verified this record to be legitimate.

Looking deeper, Yeung found that the website didn’t appear to validate security certificates, with a backend that the public can access. He also found discrepancies in Portpass’s marketing statements from what he was seeing. For example, the app claimed that it uses artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain to verify records and keep them safe. However, Yeung said he didn’t see any traces of these at the site’s backend.

What worried Yeung more, he said, was that companies endorse the use of apps like Portpass without exercising due diligence. “You have somebody in a place of authority promoting something that is potentially unsafe and has privacy issues,” he said.

There is hesitancy in using vaccine passports

Vaccine passports—sometimes called COVID passports—are mobile apps that have been created to confirm the phone owner has received their COVID-19 vaccine. This, of course, opens doors for them to attend public events and visit other countries. While many think that this could lead to social problems like discrimination, there are also security and privacy risks, such as getting one’s data exposed. Such apps must be secure by design.

In the US, there is no government mandate on whether one should be using a vaccine app or not. But many private companies and airlines have started encouraging people to use these apps.

However, many users, especially in the US, have expressed concerns over the security of their health data when using such third-party apps. According to a survey conducted by cybersecuity firm, Panda Security, 56 percent of Americans do not trust vaccine passports. Those concerned question what type of information these apps would likely collect from them.

“Based on our survey results, we can clearly see the hesitancy many Americans have to make those records accessible to private companies, airlines and other corporations.” the report says.

I’m one of those afraid of using apps. What should I do?

Hold on to your vaccine cards and keep them safe all the time. Right now, this is your only true proof to let establishments know of your vaccine status. Don’t bring them with you every time you go out, as you would a credit card, especially when there is no need to verify your status.

A paper pass may not be the coolest thing to whip out as its not on your phone, but unless the government has endorsed an app everyone can use, you might want to rethink your plans of trying out one.

Stay safe!

The post Vaccine passport app leaks users’ personal data appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Instagram has announced it is pausing the development of its newest brainchild, Instagram Kids—a version of Instagram aimed at 10-12-year-olds, or “tweens”.

Adam Mosseri, who heads up Instagram, wrote in a blog post about the idea behind Instagram Kids:

“We started this project to address an important problem seen across our industry: kids are getting phones younger and younger, misrepresenting their age, and downloading apps that are meant for those 13 or older.”

“We firmly believe that it’s better for parents to have the option to give their children access to a version of Instagram that is designed for them—where parents can supervise and control their experience—than relying on an app’s ability to verify the age of kids who are too young to have an ID.”

Mosseri also made a similar announcement, via video, on Instagram and Twitter.

Since the revelation of the kid version of Instagram in March 2021, parents, privacy advocates, and US lawmakers have been up in arms against the purported kid-friendly app. The Guardian even called it “the social media site no one asked for,” and one might think they have a point there.

The decision to freeze the development of Instagram Kids after the Wall Street Journal’s exposé regarding an internal survey within Facebook about the harmful effects of Instagram on its teen users.

While many would prefer for Instagram Kids to be scrapped entirely, Mosseri has made it clear that the project will be moving forward at some point in the future. He stresses that this kid-friendly version “was never meant for younger kids, but for tweens (aged 10-12)”, and promised parental permission would be a requirement to join. The social network will also show no ads, and only kid-friendly content will be present on the platform.

Mosseri said that while the project is put on hold the company will continue to focus on building parental supervision tools and teen safety.

Mosseri said Instagram isn’t the first company to offer a “kid” version of its app—Facebook Messenger, YouTube, and TikTok have these, too.

However, let us not forget that some content or users could still end up in places that we’re led to believe are walled gardens. Take, for example, some videos in YouTube Kids. In one incident, a mother was able to spot a section of a cartoon on YT Kids wherein a man is instructing the viewer on how to properly slit their wrists. It turns out that this section of the video had been spliced inside a cartoon, which is pretty easy to miss unless you watch the full clip.

Indeed, this is worse than those knock-off, disturbing Peppa Pig videos.

This is a stark reminder of potentially serious problems that Instagram—and Facebook—should be expecting while they build the app. It’s good that the company says it is going to take the time to make Instagram Kids as safe a place as it can be.

The post Instagram Kids put on hold appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Microsoft’s Threat Intelligence Center has been analyzing a custom-built backdoor that has been used by the Nobelium group since April 2021.

Nobelium is the name given to the threat actor behind the attacks against SolarWinds, the Sunburst backdoor, TEARDROP malware, GoldMax malware, and other related components.

The backdoor that aims to steal the configuration database of a server has been dubbed FoggyWeb by Microsoft.

Attack surface

As we’ve seen in previous cases, Nobelium uses various methods to steal credentials with the objective of gaining administrator level access to Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) servers. Once this level of access has been accomplished, FoggyWeb is one of the tools that allows the attackers to gain persistence and deploy further malware.

FoggyWeb is a very targeted backdoor that is capable of exfiltrating information from an affected Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server. To establish persistence and enable further compromise it drops two files on the server. That action requires administrator privileges in the first place, so this backdoor builds on an earlier established compromise or stolen credentials.

DLL search order hijacking method

One of the two files that are initially dropped uses the DLL search order hijacking technique to gain persistence. All Windows systems use a common method to look for required dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) to load into a program. They all use the same search order to find a DLL. The first two locations in an environment that use the SafeDllSearchMode are:

• The directory from which the application loaded
• The system directory

So, the file %WinDir%ADFSversion.dll is dropped in the ADFS directory to make sure it gets loaded before the legitimate version.dll located in %WinDir%System32.

To avoid any error messages, the backdoor version.dll behaves as a proxy for all legitimate version.dll export function calls. It exports the same 17 function names as the legitimate version of version.dll.

What it actually does for all the 17 functions is exactly the same:

• Calling a function that loads a backdoor file from the file system, and then decrypting and executing the file in memory
• Transferring execution to the initially called target function from the legitimate version of version.dll

Basically, it adds one extra step to the original execution process, which is designed to run the second file that was dropped on the affected server: C:WindowsSystemResourcesWindows.Data.TimeZonesprisWindows.Data.TimeZones.zh-PH.pri. This file is the encrypted backdoor that gets decrypted and executed by the malicious version.dll.

When loaded, this acts as the actual backdoor. It starts an HTTP listener that listens for specific HTTP GET and POST requests. In this way it can be used to communicate with a C2 server and to retrieve the token-signing certificate of the compromised AD FS server and other files and information. For a much more detailed analysis of the decrypted backdoor we advise reading the full Microsoft blog.

Mitigation and detection

Microsoft provided some advice to server administrators that could help harden and secure AD FS deployments:

• Ensure only Active Directory Admins and AD FS Admins have admin rights to the AD FS system
• Reduce local Administrators’ group membership on all AD FS servers.
• Require all cloud admins to use multi-factor authentication (MFA)
• Ensure minimal administration capability via agents
• Limit on-network access via host firewall
• Ensure AD FS Admins use Admin Workstations to protect their credentials. Secure admin workstations are limited-use client machines that are built to substantially reduce the risk of compromise from malware, phishing attacks, bogus websites, and pass-the-hash (PtH) attacks, among other security risks
• Place AD FS server computer objects in a top-level Organizational Unit (OU) that doesn’t also host other servers
• Ensure that all Group Policy Objects (GPOs) that apply to AD FS servers apply only to them and not to any other servers. This limits potential privilege escalation through GPO modification
• Ensure that the installed certificates are protected against theft. This is one of the targets the backdoor is after
• Set logging to the highest level and send the AD FS and security logs to a SIEM to correlate with AD authentication as well as Azure AD (or similar)
• Remove unnecessary protocols and Windows features
• Use a long (>25 characters) and complex password for the AD FS service account
• Update to the latest AD FS version for security and logging improvements (as always, test first)

IOCs

Please read the Microsoft blog for a full list of IOCs.

Stay safe, everyone!

The post FoggyWeb, analysis of a Nobelium backdoor appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

pcTattleTale hasn’t been very careful about securing the screenshots it sneakily takes from its victims’ phones.

pcTattleTale markets itself as “employee and child monitoring software” that is undetectable by the device user, but it can also be used to spy on spouses and partners. It allows its clients to view real-time screenshots of phones of people they’re monitoring by visiting a certain URL.

The website proudly boasts:

pcTattletale is the only solution that makes “YouTube” like videos of their every tap or click. Just watch the recordings from your phone or computer using your secure pcTattletale account as they live their secret online lives.

Unfortunately, everyone else can view the images, too, if they know where to look.

According to Jo Coscia, the security researcher who discovered the issue while using a trial version of pcTattleTale, the company uploads the screenshots to an unsecured AWS bucket.

This means that anyone can view what’s inside the bucket as it doesn’t require any form of authentication—such as a user name and password.

Motherboard breaks down how anyone can access these screenshots:

The URL for images that pcTattleTale captures is constructed with the device ID—a code given by pcTattleTale to the infected device that appears to be sequentially generated—the date, and a timestamp. Theoretically, an attacker may be able to churn through different URL combinations to discover images uploaded by other infected devices.

This is, essentially, brute forcing the discovery of new devices and images linked to them. The lack of authentication makes it possible for a threat actor, or anyone who can write up a simple script really, to be able to get most if not all images from the AWS bucket.

In pcTattleTale’s promotional emails, Coscia notes, the company says it will delete users’ data after the trial period expires. However, screenshots that Coscia’s software took were still accessible after the trial period had ended.

Not only that, pcTattleTale clients who have already deleted their accounts, can still access the screenshots their app took of their victim’s phones, according to Android malware researcher Lukas Stefanko.

Bryan Fleming, owner of pcTattleTale, claims that it does delete data. In an interview with Motherboard, Fleming said: “Yes it does delete the data. I keep it there a little longer. A lot of people accidentally delete their devices and let the trial expire…Then of course they need the screen shots back.”

The stalkerware market is good. How about your relationship?

Companies that market stalkerware-type products and/or services unfortunately have track records of poor security practices. Take a look: the trainwreck is real.

pcTattleTale is one of those companies who explicitly and clearly tells potential users that, by using its software, they will be violating someone’s privacy, essentially putting the onus on users to operate at their own risk.

And, still, the market continues to thrive.

“The market’s good, you know,” Fleming says in the Motherboard piece.

Given that online stalking and stalkerware are largely accepted by Americans, we’d say that current attitudes about online stalking and stalkerware in general will remain unchanged. This is one reason why Malwarebytes continues to raise awareness about invasive monitoring apps, and (if you have kids under your care) promotes open and healthy communication between parties.

The post Phone screenshots accidentally leaked online by stalkerware-type company appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Last week on Malwarebytes Labs

• Freedom Hosting operator gets 27 years for hosting dark web abuse sites
• Microsoft makes a bold move towards a password-less future
• New Mac malware masquerades as iTerm2, remote desktop and other apps
• Internet safety tips for kids and teens: a comprehensive guide for the modern parent
• Google, geofence warrants, and you
• No, Colonel Gaddafi’s daughter isn’t emailing to give you untold riches
• Patch vCenter Server “right now”, VMWare expects CVE-2021-22005 exploitation within minutes of disclosure
• Patch now! Insecure Hikvision security cameras can be taken over remotely
• MSHTML attack targets Russian state rocket centre and interior ministry
• Italian mafia cybercrime sting leads to 100+ arrests
• How to clear your cache
• Microsoft exchange autodiscover flaw reveals users’ passwords
• Parents and teachers believe digital surveillance of kids outweighs risks
• SonicWall warns users to patch critical vulnerability “as soon as possible”
• Beware! Uber scam lures victims with alert from a real Uber number
• Teaching cybersecurity skills to special needs children with Alana Robinson: Lock and Code S02E18

Other cybersecurity news

• UK ministry of defence apologises – again – after another major email blunder in Afghanistan (Source: The Register)
• Database containing personal info of 106 million international visitors to Thailand exposed online (Source: Comparitech)
• Fake WhatsApp backup message delivers malware to Spanish speakers’ devices (Source: The Daily Swig)
  Mobile phones of 5 French cabinet ministers infected by Pegasus malware (Source: France 24)
• Ransomware dropping malware swaps phishing for sneaky new attack route (Source: ZDNet)
• Phishing attacks more sophisticated, malicious emails time to coincide with periods of low energy and inattentiveness (Source: CPO magazine)
• Keeping your data secure at work (Source: Minute Hack)

Stay safe, everyone!

The post A week in security (Sept 20 – Sept 26) appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.